Tiermedizin

Titel: Needle-free jet injection of small doses of Japanese encephalitis DNA and inactivated vaccine mixture ...
Date: Okt 2010
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28(46):7373-80. Epub 2010 Sep 17.

Needle-free jet injection of small doses of Japanese encephalitis DNA and inactivated vaccine mixture induces neutralizing antibodies in miniature pigs and protects against fetal death and mummification in pregnant sows.

Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus causes abortion and stillbirth in swine, and encephalitis in humans and horses. We have previously reported that immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against JE was synergistically enhanced in mice by co-immunization with a commercial inactivated JE vaccine (JEVAX) under a needle-free injection system. Here, we found that this immunization strategy was also effective in miniature pigs. Because of the synergism, miniature pigs immunized twice with a mixture of 10 μg of DNA and a 1/100 dose of JEVAX developed a high neutralizing antibody titer (1:190 at 90% plaque reduction assay). Even using 1 μg of DNA, 3 of 4 pigs developed neutralizing antibodies. Following challenge, all miniature pigs with detectable neutralizing antibodies were protected against viremia. Pregnant sows inoculated with 10 or 1 μg of DNA mixed with JEVAX (1/100 dose) developed antibody titers of 1:40-1:320. Following challenge, fetal death and mummification were protected against in DNA/JEVAX-immunized sows.

Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 20851083 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

Titel: Needle-free vaccination in sheep
Date: Sep 2010
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88(9):368.

Needle-free vaccination in sheep.

CSIRO Livestock Industries, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia. Abstract

Multi-dose vaccinators have been in use for many years to vaccinate livestock. A number of needle-free vaccinators that use compressed gas to drive the vaccine through intact skin have been recently introduced to the market. We recently examined the efficacy of a needle-free vaccinator to induce antibodies to tetanus toxoid in sheep. The result indicates that needle-free vaccination can stimulate antibody responses comparable to conventional needle vaccination.

PMID: 20726975 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

Titel: Dynamic control of needle-free jet injection
Date: Dez 2009
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Dynamic control of needle-free jet injection Stachowiak JC, Li TH, Arora A, Mitragotri S, Fletcher DA.  2009 Apr 17;135(2):104-12. Epub 2009 Jan 21.

Titel: Superiority of needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery ... responses in the dog.
Date: Apr 2008
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26(18):2186-90. Epub 2008 Mar 17.

Superiority of needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery for the induction of antigen-specific IFNgamma T cell responses in the dog.

Merial S.A.S., R&D, Laboratoire de Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France.

Abstract

Although successful needle-free DNA vaccination has been described on several occasions, the true benefit of this delivery technology over needle-based injections for DNA vaccination of dogs has not yet been documented. We conducted a side-by-side comparison of needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery vs. intramuscular vs. intradermal needle-based delivery of the same plasmid in dogs. Our data confirmed the importance of the route of plasmid delivery and further established the unique potential of needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery to elicit strong antigen-specific, hTyr-specific IFNgamma T in the dog. Further, this study demonstrated that properly enabled DNA vaccination has the potential to trigger very significant cell-based immune responses in dogs, establishing needle-free transdermal plasmid delivery as a critical technology for successful immunotherapy of cancer and/or chronic infectious diseases in companion animal medicine.

PMID: 18395307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

Titel: Needle-free skin patch delivery of a vaccine for a potentially pandemic influenza virus provides protection against lethal challenge in mice
Date: Dez 2007
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Needle-free skin patch delivery of a vaccine for a potentially pandemic influenza virus provides protection against lethal challenge in mice, Garg S, Hoelscher M, Belser JA, Wang C, Jayashankar L, Guo Z, Durland RH, Katz JM, Sambhara S., 2007 Jul;14(7):926-8. Epub 2007 May 9.

Titel: Needle-free delivery of macromolecules across the skin by nanoliter-volume ...
Date: Mär 2007
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104(11):4255-60. Epub 2007 Mar 6.

Needle-free delivery of macromolecules across the skin by nanoliter-volume pulsed microjets.

Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Abstract

Needle-free liquid jet injectors were invented >50 years ago for the delivery of proteins and vaccines. Despite their long history, needle-free liquid jet injectors are not commonly used as a result of frequent pain and bruising. We hypothesized that pain and bruising originate from the deep penetration of the jets and can potentially be addressed by minimizing the penetration depth of jets into the skin. However, current jet injectors are not designed to maintain shallow dermal penetration depths. Using a new strategy of jet injection, pulsed microjets, we report on delivery of protein drugs into the skin without deep penetration. The high velocity (v >100 m/s) of microjets allows their entry into the skin, whereas the small jet diameters (50-100 mum) and extremely small volumes (2-15 nanoliters) limit the penetration depth ( approximately 200 mum). In vitro experiments confirmed quantitative delivery of molecules into human skin and in vivo experiments with rats confirmed the ability of pulsed microjets to deliver therapeutic doses of insulin across the skin. Pulsed microjet injectors could be used to deliver drugs for local as well as systemic applications without using needles.

PMID: 17360511 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC1838589 

Titel: Needle-free delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines
Date: Jan 2006
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127:91-105.

Needle-free delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Sakatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Abstract

Currently, there are a number of obstacles barring effective immunization of large animal species with DNA-based vaccines. Generally, large concentrations of DNA and multiple doses are required before an effective immune response is detected. To overcome these impediments we have developed approaches to deliver the plasmids via needle-free methods, which have been shown to be more effective than traditional needle and syringe methods. Furthermore, we will describe the delivery of vaccines to mucosal surfaces. The procedures described will use sheep and cattle as model veterinary species.

PMID: 16988449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

Titel: Needle-free jet injection of a mixture of Japanese encephalitis DNA and protein vaccines: a strategy to effectively enhance immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine in a murine model
Date: Dez 2005
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Needle-free jet injection of a mixture of Japanese encephalitis DNA and protein vaccines: a strategy to effectively enhance immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine in a murine model, Imoto J, Konishi E., 2005;18(1):205-12.

Titel: Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX ...
Date: Mär 2004
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150(3):455-61.

Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX using the isolated porcine forelimb.

Vitro-Tec Entwicklungs-GmbH, Wiesenweg 10, D-12247 Berlin, Germany. wagner@vitro-tec.de

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development and utilization of novel needle-free injection devices in order to minimize needle stick injuries make increasing demands for suitable assay systems, which reflect the physiological situation in humans as close as possible.

OBJECTIVES: It was therefore the goal of the present study to test the biological performance of a needle-free injector (INJEX) by the use of porcine skin as a model with a high predictive value for the feasibility in humans because of its close similarity to human skin.

METHODS: In order to use porcine skin in the context of the underlying tissues, the isolated porcine forelimb was chosen as an assay model for use with the INJEX injector. Ink or the fluorescent dye fluorescein-isothiocyanate was injected and the penetration depth was determined metrically and dye distribution histologically. To assess the resorption of heparin, needle injection was compared with needle-free injection in a perfused limb model.

RESULTS: Increasing amounts of ink increasingly penetrated into subcutaneous tissue layers in a cone-shaped manner mainly following lead structures. Penetration was hampered by skin thickness and by the deep muscle fascia, which served as a penetration barrier. Resorption of heparin was similar irrespective of injection by the use of a needle or the INJEX device.

CONCLUSIONS: The isolated porcine forelimb serves as a versatile tool for the assessment of the biological performance of needle-free injection devices such as INJEX. Further studies are necessary to correlate the model for drug delivery in humans.

PMID: 15030327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE 

Titel: Needle-free topical electroporation improves gene expression ...
Date: Dez 2003
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8(6):992-8.

Needle-free topical electroporation improves gene expression from plasmids administered in porcine skin.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada. babiuks@sask.usask.ca

Abstract

Electroporation has been shown to increase the potency of DNA vaccines that have demonstrated significant potential in mice. However, there is a need to develop noninvasive or minimally invasive vaccination methods. In pigs, in vivo gene expression was assessed to compare intradermal needle injection to a needle-free dermal BioJect as a means of delivery of plasmids. Each administration method was further tested with and without surface electroporation. Experiments with plasmid DNA encoding luciferase demonstrated that needle-free administration results in higher gene expression levels than needle injection. Electroporation enhanced gene expression for both intradermal delivery methods. Needle-free plasmid injection in combination with electroporation led to a more rapid induction of immune responses compared to other methods of plasmid administration. It was concluded that needle-free topical electroporation significantly enhances gene expression, possibly by improving cellular uptake of plasmid DNA.

PMID: 14664802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

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