Spritzenphobie

Titel: Aus der HNO-Praxis ...

Date: Mai 2011

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Positive Praxiserfahrungen

Unsere bisherigen Erfahrungen mit dem INJEX-System im Rahmen der Allergie-Therapie sind außerordentlich positiv. Das System ist sicher, praxisnah ausgereift und bietet allen Patienten eine fast schmerzfreie subkutane Injektion, die der bisherigen konventionellen Technik entspricht. Ein ausgeschaltetes Infektionsrisiko bei Arzt und Pflegepersonal durch kontaminierte Nadeln ist ein wichtiger Gesichtspunkt für einen INJEX-Einsatz. Die Kosten für das System liegen selbst im Zeitalter der Einschränkungen und Budgetierungen in einem bezahlbaren Rahmen. Alle Einsatzmöglichkeiten von INJEX selbst in unserem relativ kleinen HNO-Fach aufzuzeigen, würde den kurzen Rahmen dieses Statements sprengen.

Dr. med. Dieter Leithäuser, Warburg

Titel: Needle-free delivery of macromolecules across the skin by nanoliter-volume ...

Date: Mär 2007

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104(11):4255-60. Epub 2007 Mar 6.

Needle-free delivery of macromolecules across the skin by nanoliter-volume pulsed microjets.

Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Abstract

Needle-free liquid jet injectors were invented >50 years ago for the delivery of proteins and vaccines. Despite their long history, needle-free liquid jet injectors are not commonly used as a result of frequent pain and bruising. We hypothesized that pain and bruising originate from the deep penetration of the jets and can potentially be addressed by minimizing the penetration depth of jets into the skin. However, current jet injectors are not designed to maintain shallow dermal penetration depths. Using a new strategy of jet injection, pulsed microjets, we report on delivery of protein drugs into the skin without deep penetration. The high velocity (v >100 m/s) of microjets allows their entry into the skin, whereas the small jet diameters (50-100 mum) and extremely small volumes (2-15 nanoliters) limit the penetration depth ( approximately 200 mum). In vitro experiments confirmed quantitative delivery of molecules into human skin and in vivo experiments with rats confirmed the ability of pulsed microjets to deliver therapeutic doses of insulin across the skin. Pulsed microjet injectors could be used to deliver drugs for local as well as systemic applications without using needles.

PMID: 17360511 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC1838589

Titel: Needle-free liquid jet injections: mechanisms and applications

Date: Sep 2006

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3(5):565-74.

Needle-free liquid jet injections: mechanisms and applications.

Unilever Research and Development, 40 Merritt Blvd., Trumbull, CT 06611, Abstract

Liquid jet injections employ a high-speed jet to puncture the skin and deliver drugs without the use of a needle. They have been used to deliver a number of macromolecules including vaccines and insulin, as well as small molecules, such as anesthetics and antibiotics. This article reviews liquid jet injectors with respect to their historical perspective, clinical applications, mechanisms and future prospects. An overview of the use of jet injectors for delivery of vaccines, insulin and growth hormones is presented. Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic understanding of jet injections, especially the dependence of jet penetration on parameters such as nozzle diameter, velocity and jet power. Finally, gaps in the current understanding are presented and suggestions for future research and development are made.

PMID: 17064242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Titel: Use of needle-free ... to alleviate needle phobia and pain at injection

Date: Aug 2005

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(4):467-77.

Use of needle-free injection systems to alleviate needle phobia and pain at injection.

University of Texas Medical School, MSB 5020. 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Abstract

Needle phobia affects at least 10% of the general population. Subcutaneous injections are used for many reasons, including immunizations, administration of medications such as insulin and heparin, and to provide local anesthesia, both for surgery and for intravenous cannulation. Whatever the reason for its application, the injection itself may cause discomfort and/or pain. In children, in patients with needle phobia, in those who require frequent intravenous cannulations, or in those who need daily medication, the pain at injection can reach unbearable intensity that could lead to refusal of medical care. Various approaches are employed to alleviate the pain caused by intravenous cannulation. These include the use of topical analgesia [i.e., EMLA, Ametop (tetracaine], Numby Stuff and ethylchloridespray], skin infiltration with lidocaine using 25-30-gauge needles and jet injectors. This article will review the complex topic of needle phobia and needle pain, and will summarize the currently available alternatives and the new developments intended to reduce the intensity of injection pain.

PMID: 19807264 [PubMed]

Titel: Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX ...

Date: Mär 2004

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150(3):455-61.

Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX using the isolated porcine forelimb.

Vitro-Tec Entwicklungs-GmbH, Wiesenweg 10, D-12247 Berlin, Germany. wagner@vitro-tec.de

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development and utilization of novel needle-free injection devices in order to minimize needle stick injuries make increasing demands for suitable assay systems, which reflect the physiological situation in humans as close as possible.

OBJECTIVES: It was therefore the goal of the present study to test the biological performance of a needle-free injector (INJEX) by the use of porcine skin as a model with a high predictive value for the feasibility in humans because of its close similarity to human skin.

METHODS: In order to use porcine skin in the context of the underlying tissues, the isolated porcine forelimb was chosen as an assay model for use with the INJEX injector. Ink or the fluorescent dye fluorescein-isothiocyanate was injected and the penetration depth was determined metrically and dye distribution histologically. To assess the resorption of heparin, needle injection was compared with needle-free injection in a perfused limb model.

RESULTS: Increasing amounts of ink increasingly penetrated into subcutaneous tissue layers in a cone-shaped manner mainly following lead structures. Penetration was hampered by skin thickness and by the deep muscle fascia, which served as a penetration barrier. Resorption of heparin was similar irrespective of injection by the use of a needle or the INJEX device.

CONCLUSIONS: The isolated porcine forelimb serves as a versatile tool for the assessment of the biological performance of needle-free injection devices such as INJEX. Further studies are necessary to correlate the model for drug delivery in humans.

PMID: 15030327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE