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Titel: Needle-free liquid jet injections: mechanisms and applications
Date: Sep 2006
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3(5):565-74.

Needle-free liquid jet injections: mechanisms and applications.

Unilever Research and Development, 40 Merritt Blvd., Trumbull, CT 06611, Abstract

Liquid jet injections employ a high-speed jet to puncture the skin and deliver drugs without the use of a needle. They have been used to deliver a number of macromolecules including vaccines and insulin, as well as small molecules, such as anesthetics and antibiotics. This article reviews liquid jet injectors with respect to their historical perspective, clinical applications, mechanisms and future prospects. An overview of the use of jet injectors for delivery of vaccines, insulin and growth hormones is presented. Particular attention is paid to the mechanistic understanding of jet injections, especially the dependence of jet penetration on parameters such as nozzle diameter, velocity and jet power. Finally, gaps in the current understanding are presented and suggestions for future research and development are made.

PMID: 17064242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 

Titel: Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX ...
Date: Mär 2004
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150(3):455-61.

Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX using the isolated porcine forelimb.

Vitro-Tec Entwicklungs-GmbH, Wiesenweg 10, D-12247 Berlin, Germany. wagner@vitro-tec.de

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The development and utilization of novel needle-free injection devices in order to minimize needle stick injuries make increasing demands for suitable assay systems, which reflect the physiological situation in humans as close as possible.

OBJECTIVES: It was therefore the goal of the present study to test the biological performance of a needle-free injector (INJEX) by the use of porcine skin as a model with a high predictive value for the feasibility in humans because of its close similarity to human skin.

METHODS: In order to use porcine skin in the context of the underlying tissues, the isolated porcine forelimb was chosen as an assay model for use with the INJEX injector. Ink or the fluorescent dye fluorescein-isothiocyanate was injected and the penetration depth was determined metrically and dye distribution histologically. To assess the resorption of heparin, needle injection was compared with needle-free injection in a perfused limb model.

RESULTS: Increasing amounts of ink increasingly penetrated into subcutaneous tissue layers in a cone-shaped manner mainly following lead structures. Penetration was hampered by skin thickness and by the deep muscle fascia, which served as a penetration barrier. Resorption of heparin was similar irrespective of injection by the use of a needle or the INJEX device.

CONCLUSIONS: The isolated porcine forelimb serves as a versatile tool for the assessment of the biological performance of needle-free injection devices such as INJEX. Further studies are necessary to correlate the model for drug delivery in humans.

PMID: 15030327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE 

Titel: Der Einsatz von INJEX in der Homöosiniatrie
Date: Jan 2001
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TECHNISCHER REPORT • Der Einsatz von INJEX in der Homöosiniatrie
Dr. med. Klaus Beller; Schulstraße 18; 79341 Kenzingen
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